Kellanova (K)

Gross profit margin

		Dec 31, 2023	Dec 31, 2022	Dec 31, 2021	Dec 31, 2020	Dec 31, 2019
Gross profit	US$ in thousands	4,283,000	3,811,000	1,725,000	4,727,000	4,381,000
Revenue	US$ in thousands	13,122,000	12,653,000	14,181,000	13,770,000	13,578,000
Gross profit margin		32.64%	30.12%	12.16%	34.33%	32.27%

December 31, 2023 calculation

Gross profit margin = Gross profit ÷ Revenue
= $4,283,000K ÷ $13,122,000K
= 32.64%

The gross profit margin of Kellanova has exhibited fluctuations over the past five years. In 2023, the gross profit margin increased to 32.64%, showing an improvement compared to the previous year. This indicates that Kellanova was able to effectively manage its cost of goods sold relative to its revenue in 2023.

In 2022, the gross profit margin was 30.12%, which was lower than in 2021 when it was 12.16%. The significant increase in the gross profit margin from 2021 to 2022 reflects improvements in the company's pricing strategy or cost control measures.

The gross profit margin in 2020 was relatively high at 34.33%, indicating a strong performance in managing production costs and generating revenue. This was a slight increase compared to 2019 when the gross profit margin was 32.27%.

Overall, the trend in the gross profit margin of Kellanova shows variability, with some fluctuations from year to year. Maintaining a healthy gross profit margin is essential for the company to sustain its operations and profitability in the long term.